Currently, the energy saving is a priority. This is due to the scarcity of energy resources major, increasing the value of their production, but also with global environmental problems.
What is the energy savings?
The energy savings is the efficient use of energy resources through the application of innovative solutions, which are feasible technically justified and economically acceptable environmental and social points of view, do not change the habitual way of life. This definition was formulated on the International conference for the energy.
Energy saving in any field is essentially reduced to reduce unnecessary waste of energy. The analysis of the losses in the sector of the production, distribution and consumption of electric energy shows that most of the loss of up to 90% – comes from energy sector, while the transmission losses of electricity account for only 9-10%. Therefore, the efforts for energy saving are concentrated in the sphere of consumption of electric energy.
The main role of increasing the efficiency is the modern energy-saving technologies. The energy-saving technology – new or advanced technological process, characterized by a higher coefficient of efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources (FER).
The introduction of energy saving technologies in economic activity as businesses and individuals at the household level, is one of the important steps for the solution of many environmental problems, climate change, air pollution (e.g., emissions from COGENERATION), and the depletion of fossil resources, etc.
Usually the companies are implementing the following types of technologies which allow a considerable energy-saving effect:
- The general technology for many companies, associated with the use of energy (variable speed motors, heat exchangers, compressed air, lighting, steam, cooling, drying, etc).
- More efficient production of energy, including boilers, modern, of heat and of electricity, heat, cold, electricity; replacing old industrial plants in a new, more effective.
- Alternative sources of energy.
Power-saving mode is particularly relevant for the mechanisms that part-time work with reduced load – conveyors, pumps, fans, etc. there are many devices that allow to obtain the reduction of the loss during the operation of electrical equipment, the main of which are condensing installation and adjustable frequency actuators. Adjustable frequency with electrical functions integrated to optimize energy consumption in a flexible way, changing the frequency of rotation depending on the actual load, which saves up to 30 to 50% the consumption of electrical energy. This is often not necessary to replace the standard engine, which is especially important when the modernization of production. Such electric drives and energy saving automation tools that can be incorporated in most of the industrial enterprises and in the HOUSING sector: from the elevators, and ventilation systems prior to automation of the enterprises.
Scientists designed the installation, in which a part of the heat that passes into the tube after the combustion in the production of natural gas used for the production of extra energy, able to give the coverage of the five buildings of 16 floors.
The energy-saving technology in the building are complete, including insulation of walls, roof, energy saving, energy saving paint, double glazing, economical heating and cooling system of the surfaces.
One of the most common energy-saving technologies with a great potential for improvements in the field of housing – and boiler. The modern technologies are able to significantly reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance costs, also to increase the YIELD. In addition, the replacement of the boiler often allows the company to proceed with the polluting and expensive coal or fuel oil, the most economic and clean fuel such as gas or wood pellets.
Also gives a great saving if, instead, separated the central thermal points to insert in a single building point of heat, equipped with modern pumps are quiet, compact and efficient plastic heat exchanger.
When the organization of ventilation in a building using the system recovery (recycling and reuse) of heat from the exhaust air and variable performance of supply and exhaust aggregates depending on the number of people in the building. These systems allow you to not waste the heat that emanate from the people, lighting equipment, business and office equipment, and so reduce the consumption of heat from an external source – heating or a boiler.
An example of the case, which in the future will allow man to live in harmony with nature, at the same time, do not deprive yourself of the usual comforts, are the so-called home zero energy (zero energy house) or passive houses (passive house), mix the generic term "home energy efficient".
"Energy efficiency" will be considered as a home, in which the temperature is supported in the winter, without application of the heating system, while in the summer without the application of the air-conditioning system.
For a highly energy efficient home was, during its construction should be done as follows:
- The application of modern thermal insulation of pipelines of heating and hot water.
- Single source heating and the energy supply (boiler, individual or as a source of co-generation of energy).
- Heat pumps that use the earth's heat, the exhaust heat of the ventilation air and the heat of the wastewater.
- Solar collectors in the production system of hot-water in the cooling system of the premises.
- The heating system of each apartment, with heat metering and adjustable thermal regime of the premises.
- Mechanical ventilation with individual control and disposal of heat of the expelled air.
- In each apartment, a controller, optimize the heat consumption for heating and ventilation of the apartments.
- The building envelope with higher thermal protection performance and heat resistance.
- Disposal of heat of solar radiation in the thermal balance of a building on the basis of a choice of translucent masonry.
- Devices that use scattered solar radiation to increase the brightness of the environment and reduce energy consumption for lighting.
- Selection of designs of the glasses devices with the given orientation and irradiation of the facades of each season.
- The use of the heat from the return water of the heating system for the underfloor heating in the bathrooms.
- The management system of heat and energy, and the microclimate of the premises and equipment of the engineering of the building on the basis of a mathematical model of the building as a single thermal power of the system.
There are other ways for the rational use of electricity, and not only in production, but also in everyday life. So, already known for some time "smart" lighting system. The effect of energy saving is based on the fact that the light turns on automatically, right when you need it. The switch has an optical sensor and a microphone. Of the day, when the lighting level, the lights are off. The twilight occurs, the activation of the microphone. If in a radius of 5 km occurs the noise (for example, steps or the sound of opening the door), automatically the light comes on and stays on until the person is in the room. Lighting systems use energy-saving lamps.
Led lamps allow you to obtain a remarkable saving of electric energy compared to traditional light sources incandescent (up to 80%) and fluorescent lamps (over 40%). These lamps can be used in the illumination of the objects are very different: the underground pedestrian paths and parking lots, lawn, and park lighting, road lighting, public lighting UTILITY and emergency light.
There are promising projects of energy saving in the transport sector. American engineers are placed at the production of passenger cars equipped with nozzles, which convert exhaust gas heat into electrical energy. Teploelektrogenerator, mounted on the muffler, converts part of the heat of the exhaust gases into electrical energy, which in the future can ensure the operation of the air-conditioning system, music system, etc
German scientists are developing energy-saving high-efficiency devices required for vehicles with hybrid engines. The device works with the aid of oil on the highway and on electricity in the city, in this way, by using relatively less energy.
'In the house, each consumer can save energy, respecting the following rules:
- Replace incandescent bulbs with modern energy-saving lamps.
- Turn off unused network devices (e.g., tv, vcr, stereo).
- On electric stoves to apply the dishes with the fund that is equal to or slightly greater than diameter electric cooking plates, do not use pots with raised bottom.
- Washable in washing machine at full load and choose the mode of washing.
- Readily removed from the boiler the limestone.
- Do not dry, highly-linen for the house, gives the savings during ironing.
- Frequently change bags to collect the dust in a vacuum cleaner.
- Put in the refrigerator the most cool of the kitchen.
- Use the light curtains, the wallpaper.
- Wash more often window, on the sill of a window to put a small amount of colors.
- Do not close the curtains of the heating battery.